By Maung Emdadul Hasan

On the twenty-fifth of August, we pause to remember a sorrowful chapter in human history. Eight years ago, the sun rose over the verdant plains of Rakhine/Arakan State, Myanmar, only to witness the eruption of unspeakable cruelty. The Myanmar military, in a campaign of relentless violence, descended upon peaceful Rohingya villages. Entire communities were reduced to ashes; men were slain in cold blood, women and girls subjected to the vilest forms of assault, and the elderly left to perish without aid. Thousands fled, crossing rivers and jungles, seeking refuge in neighbouring Bangladesh.

Thus began a calamity that has persisted into the present day, a calamity not confined to the past but recurring, as armed forces and insurgent factions alike continue to tear apart the social fabric of Rakhine, leaving the Rohingya to endure years of exile, statelessness, and uncertainty.

The Origins of Persecution
To comprehend the tragedy of 2017, one must look beyond that single night of terror. The persecution of the Rohingya is a story decades in the making. Since the military coup of 1962, policies of marginalization, deprivation, and disenfranchisement were systematically applied. The 1982 Citizenship Act stripped the Rohingya of their legal identity, rendering them foreigners in their own homeland. Movement was restricted; education, employment, and civil rights were denied. Periodic outbreaks of violence, in 1978 and 2012, forced waves of Rohingya to seek sanctuary beyond Myanmar’s borders (Cowley & Brinham, 2014).

By 2017, the Rohingya had been reduced to a community living in constant fear, their lives subject to the whims of a government and military apparatus that denied their very existence.

The Night of Horror: 25 August 2017
On that fateful night, the military’s scorched-earth campaign left a trail of devastation. Villages burned, families shattered, and over 6,700 Rohingya souls perished within a month, including hundreds of innocent children (BBC, 2017). Those who survived fled to Bangladesh, where they joined the swelling ranks of refugees in Cox’s Bazar, now the world’s largest refugee settlement. Here, they subsist in fragile shelters, dependent upon international aid for sustenance, shelter, and healthcare.

Violence Persists: The Arakan Army Atrocities
The calamity did not end with the 2017 exodus. In 2024, the Arakan Army, a regional armed faction, committed massacres in Htan Shauk Kan (Hoinya Seeri) village, killing over six hundred Rohingya, and again in August, near the Naf River, where nearly two hundred more perished (ARNC, 2025). Families were uprooted once more, their ancestral lands seized, their homes reduced to ash. The world watched silently as new waves of violence compounded the misery of an already suffering people.

The Voice of the Rohingya: ARNC Speaks
The Arakan Rohingya National Council (ARNC) has consistently amplified the call for justice and accountability.

U Nay San Lwin, Co-Chair of ARNC, addressed international media about the Htan Shauk Kan massacre and the ongoing plight of Rohingya in northern Rakhine, highlighting the continued persecution and the urgent need for protection.

Mr. Anwar Arkani, Co-General Secretary of ARNC, asserted:
“The Burmese government is the criminal – rapists, murderers, arsonists. They have committed every crime in the dictionary, yet they are still free. Myanmar has long been a ‘refugee-producing factory’.”

U Nay San Lwin, activist, drew attention to decades of media bias:
“For years, Rohingya voices were silenced in Burmese-language media, while English media selectively used our identity to secure foreign funding. The Arakan Army massacred hundreds of our people, yet international coverage remains scant.”

U Tun Khin, Chairperson of ARNC, calls upon the global community to act decisively. In a joint declaration with 57 other organizations, ARNC demands:

1. Independent investigations into atrocities by both Myanmar military and Arakan Army.
2. Accountability through international tribunals.
3. Safe and dignified return to ancestral homes.
4. Protection of human rights for Rohingya still in Myanmar.

A Seven-Point Roadmap for Justice
Nobel Laureate and Chief Adviser of the Interim Government of Bangladesh, Prof. Muhammad Yunus proposed a measured course of action:

1. Secure the right of return for Rohingya.
2. Continue and strengthen humanitarian support.
3. Halt all violence and persecution.
4. Engage in dialogue and reconciliation.
5. Mobilize regional and international actors.
6. Stand firmly against ethnic cleansing.
7. Ensure justice through international mechanisms.

The Refugee Crisis in Bangladesh
The refugees of Cox’s Bazar endure lives of extreme precarity. Over one million Rohingya depend on aid for food, water, health, and education. Funding reductions threaten to collapse the fragile infrastructure of survival, placing countless lives in jeopardy (UNHCR, 2025).

Voices from Our Community
During the Stakeholders’ Dialogue on the Rohingya Situation in Cox’s Bazar, numerous brave representatives shared their experiences and the current reality of our people:

Sahat Zia Hero, a Rohingya photographer and activist, spoke about the ongoing oppression in AA-controlled areas, urging the world to pay attention to the daily struggles of Rohingya communities.

Hujjat Ullah, a young Rohingya activist, highlighted the hardships of survival:
“Skipping a meal to save for another to live one more day has become normal. I couldn’t control my tears when a friend told me that an elderly man received only a small amount of beef on Eid ul-Adha, without rice, oil, spices, or other essentials to prepare food. Media restrictions prevent the world from seeing the true suffering of our brothers and sisters.”

He emphasized that real solutions begin by listening to those who face these challenges, valuing their ideas, and including them in decision-making processes. He praised the interim government of Bangladesh for their efforts to address gaps and uplift essential issues.

M. Furquan Mirza, a teacher, and activist, reflected on the courage of the community representatives:
“For the first time in eight years, Rohingya representatives stood on stage alongside global figures, speaking with one united voice on behalf of over a million people. Their bravery, clarity, and determination bring pride to our entire community. They are our last hope and our opportunity for change.”

Juaitun Nahar, a youth activist and a photographer, recounted decades of persecution:
“In 2012, as a ten-year-old, I witnessed bloodshed and brutality. In 2016, I saw homes burned and massacres. In 2017, I survived the largest Rohingya genocide, including killings, disappearances, and crimes against humanity. From 2024, extremist AA attacks have continued, with drones, stabbings, and drownings in the Naf River. Yet no perpetrator has been held accountable.”

Khin Maung Thein, a Rohingya photographer and activist, shared the significance of our flag: “On this 8th Anniversary, our people united under the Rohingya flag, a symbol of our history, dignity, and struggle for justice. Raising our flag beside the Myanmar flag sends a message to the world: our existence cannot be erased, and our voice cannot be silenced. We are an inseparable part of Myanmar, yet a people with our own identity, culture, and rights.”

Maung Emdadul Hasan, a teacher, a poet, a researcher, expressed gratitude to the Bangladeshi people for their solidarity:
“Your unwavering support during the commemoration of 25 August and for raising our flag alongside us will forever be remembered. Let this flag remind the international community that the Rohingya will never give up the fight for justice, citizenship, and safe return to our ancestral homeland in Arakan.”

Community Recognition and Global Representation
To all the dedicated voices — Khin Maung Thein, Jaitun Nara, Zia Hero, Ro Khin Maung, Hujjat Ullah, M. Furquan Mirza, Sayed Ullah, Lucky Karim, Tun Khin, Nay San Lwin, Anwar Arakani, Shamsul Alam Saan Yu, Nasir Zakaria, and many others — your courage and dedication have made the entire community proud. You have brought our struggles to the world stage, ensuring that our history, challenges, and demands for justice are not forgotten.

The Stakeholders’ Dialogue highlighted that including qualified Rohingya voices in global forums is crucial for lasting solutions. From this platform, our community’s voices gain the power to influence decisions, raise awareness, and demand justice.

The Road Ahead
The 25th August 2025 Remembrance Day is both a reflection of decades of suffering and a testament to our resilience. The Rohingya people continue to demand:
1. Safe and dignified return to our ancestral homeland in Arakan.
2. Justice and accountability for crimes against humanity committed by both Myanmar’s military and extremist groups like the Arakan Army.
3. Restoration of citizenship, identity, and rights for all Rohingya.
4. Continued humanitarian support from the international community.
5. Inclusion of Rohingya voices in policymaking and global decision-making.
This day stands as a symbol of hope, courage, and unity. It reminds the world that the Rohingya will never give up the fight for justice, dignity, and a future where our children can live safely in their ancestral homeland.

Conclusion: A Call to Conscience
Eight years hence, the world must remember the lessons of 25 August 2017. Silence is no longer an option. The Rohingya people demand not mere aid, but justice, accountability, and the restoration of dignity. They seek the right to live freely in their homeland, recognized as equal citizens. The international community must not allow impunity to persist, nor the memory of this genocide to fade.

The Rohingya have endured relentless suffering, yet their voices rise undaunted: no more genocide, no more exile, and no more injustice.

References
• Amnesty International. (2018). Myanmar: Crimes against humanity against the Rohingya.
• ARNC. (2025). Statements and joint declarations on Rohingya atrocities.
• BBC. (2017). Rohingya crisis: 700,000 flee Myanmar.
• Cowley, A., & Brinham, N. (2014). Persecution of the Rohingya in Myanmar. Journal of Refugee Studies.
• Human Rights Watch. (2017). All of my body was in pain: Rohingya villages destroyed.
• UNHCR. (2025). Funding cuts heighten monsoon risks for Rohingya refugees.

Maung Emdadul Hasan is a teacher, research assistant, and dedicated advocate for the Rohingya community. He is also the author of the poetry anthology Voice of Pain and Hope, published by Osaka University, Japan.